Anchor bolt drilling vehicles are commonly used mechanical equipment in modern mines, tunnels and underground engineering. They are mainly used for geological reinforcement, support and enhancing the stability of underground structures. In high-risk environments such as mining and tunnel construction, anchor drill trucks play a crucial role. This article will delve into the working principle of the anchor bolt drilling vehicle and analyze how it enhances geological stability through effective anchor bolt support technology.
I. Overview of Anchor Bolt Drilling Vehicle
The anchor drill truck is a kind of mechanical equipment specifically designed for drilling operations, mainly applied in the support construction of tunnels, mines and underground projects. It integrates multiple functions such as drilling, grouting and anchor bolt installation, and is capable of achieving effective and accurate operations. The anchor bolt drilling vehicle drills holes in the rock layer through drilling equipment, then installs the anchor bolts into the holes and consolidates the anchor bolts through grouting, thereby providing the necessary geological reinforcement and support.
Ii. Working Principle of Anchor Bolt Drilling Vehicle
The working process of an anchor bolt drilling vehicle usually includes the following steps: drilling, anchor bolt installation, grouting reinforcement and anchor bolt tensioning. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Drilling
The anchor drill truck first drills holes in rocks or soil layers through its powerful drilling device. During the rotation of the drill bit, the drilling car provides sufficient torque and power through the drive system to ensure that the drilling depth and diameter meet the design requirements. During the drilling process, the positioning system of the drilling vehicle ensures the accuracy of the hole position and avoids the deviation of the drilling.
The depth and Angle of the borehole are determined based on the actual engineering requirements and geological conditions. The diameter and depth of the borehole may vary in different geological environments. The accuracy of drilling directly affects the installation effect of the subsequent anchor rods. Therefore, when drilling, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the drilling vehicle equipment and the sharpness of the drill bit.
2. Anchor bolt installation
After the drilling is completed, the anchor bolt drilling vehicle will push the anchor bolt into the hole. Anchor rods are usually made of steel bars or high-strength alloy steel, featuring excellent tensile strength and bending resistance, and can effectively form a firm connection with the surrounding rocks or soil layers.
Anchor bolt installation is divided into two types:
Static anchor bolts: This type of anchor bolt is usually inserted into the borehole by the mechanical arm of the anchor bolt drilling vehicle, and the front end of the anchor bolt is fixed in the hole. The reinforcement principle of static anchor rods mainly relies on the frictional force between the anchor rods and the surrounding rock strata to provide support.
Dynamic anchor rods: Dynamic anchor rods are generally fixed by high-pressure air flow or grouting methods. They can generate a stronger bonding force between the anchor rods and the rock strata through the effect of dynamic pressure.
The installation process of anchor rods requires the equipment to accurately control the insertion depth, Angle and position of the anchor rods to ensure the reinforcement effect.
3. Grouting reinforcement
After the anchor rods are installed, the anchor rod drilling vehicle still needs to carry out grouting operations, injecting slurry to firmly bond the anchor rods with the surrounding rock layers. The materials used for grouting are usually cement slurry or high-strength chemical slurry. After being injected into the holes, these slurries will solidify and form a solid cementing layer.
Grouting not only enhances the bonding force between anchor rods and rocks, but also further reinforces the surrounding soil or rock layers, improving geological conditions. During the grouting process, the drilling rig can accurately control the grouting volume, pressure and grouting time to ensure the best grouting effect.
4. Anchor bolt tensioning
After the grouting has solidified, in order to increase the tensile force of the anchor rods, the anchor rod drilling vehicle will also tensify the already installed anchor rods. Through mechanical tensioning devices, anchor rods can further generate a tight tensile force with the rock layer, thereby enhancing the supporting force. This process is particularly important for geological stability, especially in weak or loose rock strata, where the tension of anchor rods can significantly enhance the geological support capacity.
Iii. How can anchor bolt drilling vehicles enhance geological stability
The anchor bolt drilling vehicle plays a significant role in improving geological stability through its effective drilling, installation and reinforcement functions. Specifically, the anchor bolt drilling vehicle enhances geological stability in the following aspects:
1. Improve the supporting force of the rock strata structure
The stability of rock strata is usually influenced by a variety of factors, such as stress, temperature changes, and hydrological conditions. Especially during the process of mine exploitation or tunnel construction, changes in the external environment may cause the sliding or collapse of rock strata. The anchor bolt drilling vehicle can effectively improve the supporting force of rock strata through drilling and anchor bolt support.
Anchor rods form a strong physical connection with rock strata through anchoring technology, significantly enhancing the stability of the rock strata and preventing deformation or collapse of the rock strata caused by external stress.
2. Prevent geological disasters
Geological disasters, such as rockbursts, earthquakes or ground subsidence, usually have a serious impact on underground projects. The anchor bolt support of the anchor bolt drilling vehicle can not only enhance the anti-deformation capacity of the rock layer, but also provide additional support force when geological disasters occur, avoiding the occurrence of disasters or reducing their impact.
By effectively reinforcing rock strata, anchor drill vehicles can significantly reduce the risk of geological disasters and ensure the safety of underground projects such as mines and tunnels.
3. Enhance the stability of the working face
At construction sites such as tunnels and mines, the working face is often affected by unstable geological factors, making it prone to problems such as rock strata falling off and collapsing. Through accurate support design and construction, the anchor bolt drilling vehicle can form a stable support structure at the working face, ensuring the safety of construction personnel.
The reinforcing effect of anchor rods enables the rock strata to evenly bear external pressure, thereby avoiding cracking or deformation caused by excessive compressive stress in local areas.
4. Enhance the shear resistance of soil or rock strata
The anchor bolt drilling vehicle significantly enhances the shear resistance of soil or rock layers by reinforcing them. Especially in weak geological environments, traditional support measures may not be able to provide sufficient shear resistance. However, the anchor bolt drilling vehicle can make the rock layer more stable when subjected to external shear force through the tensile force of the anchor bolt and the consolidation effect of grouting.
The main function of anchor bolts is to disperse the external shear force into a larger area of rock strata around, thereby reducing stress concentration at a single location and enhancing overall stability.
5. Enhance the bearing capacity of underground structures such as mines and tunnels
In complex underground projects, the application of anchor bolt drilling vehicles can significantly enhance the load-bearing capacity of underground structures. Especially in relatively loose or weak rock strata, anchor rods, through their fixing and reinforcing functions, can effectively enhance the underground structure's capacity to bear external loads and reduce geological accidents caused by excessive loads.
Iv. Application Prospects of Anchor Drill Vehicles
With the continuous development of underground engineering, the technology of anchor bolt drilling vehicles is also constantly innovating and improving. Modern anchor drill trucks are not only limited to traditional mining operations but are also widely used in tunnel construction, subway construction, large-scale underground projects, and dam reinforcement, among other fields. With the introduction of intelligent technology, future anchor bolt drilling vehicles will be able to achieve more effective and accurate operations, while enhancing operational safety and construction efficiency.
Conclusion
As a multi-functional and effective mechanical equipment, the anchor drill truck plays a crucial role in underground engineering, mining and tunnel construction. Through operations such as drilling, anchor bolt installation, grouting and tensioning, the anchor bolt drilling vehicle can effectively enhance geological stability and prevent the occurrence of rock layer collapse, sliding and other geological disasters. With the continuous advancement of technology, anchor drill trucks will play a more significant role in enhancing the safety of underground projects, improving production efficiency and reducing the accident rate.
